MANAGEMENT A NECESSARY FACTOR FOR EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP

    DEFINITION OF MANAGEMENT :

 Management can be defined as effective and coordinated planning to produce an environment that is conducive for progress and development.

Management can be described as an ability to adequately regulate or control resources and humans for the purpose of achieving a worthwhile task.

Management is accountability or administration over people and resources in exchange for trust and reliability.

Management is simply the reduction of waste or the curbing of reckless misuse of human capital and resources.

     WHO IS A MANAGER ? :

A manager is a person who has been ascribed the responsibilities of organizing and directing a group of people, resources or an organization.

A manager is a compendium of skills, information and qualities that can be used to influence positively the outcome of outputs wıthin a system or organization.

A manager can simply be described as one who has assumed the position of leadership in an organization. The position of a manager is critical in any organization because it amplifies the code of conduct in which the organization is being run. A manager is the enforcer of these conducts because he impacts rather than imposes the necessary skills, qualities that are essential for running the organization.

A manager represents the top of leadership in an organization and must be adequately prepared to placate indifferences and divided opinions between members or could risk polarizing the organization.

A manager must not be susceptible to external influences to avoid disrupting the unity and impeding the growth of the organization.

Finally a manager must be ready to take the necessary decisive actions at every given point in order to protect the integrity and values of the organization. 

    THE POWER OF PRINCIPLES IN MANAGEMENT :

 In order to explain the power of principles in management, we must be able to define what principles are for further clarification on this topic. Every area of life where principle has been ignored has come with obvious consequences. Principles are fundamental truths that serve as the foundation for a system of belief or behavior. Principles are not ideas or assumptions. They are a set of values or rules that affect human action. Principle does not always lead to the desired results. The manner and the process of every procedure or action taken is unfortunately more significant than the output or result derived.

Principles in management cannot be overemphasized. It is a requisıte for effective management. Values and beliefs that are based on truth can cause a positive change when implemented appropriately in any organization. Principles help to create a standard within an organization that is widely respected and adhered to. Principles in management bring about predictability of results. Results can be recreated just by observing a laid down set of rules. Principles lead to stability and progress. Principles in management makes decision making easy because it tells you exactly what you must not do. Principles do not vacillate, they remain constant irrespective of cırcumstances. Therefore we can clearly state that the power of principles is the most important factor in effective management.

     THE NECESSITIES OF MANAGEMENT : 

 There is no area of leadership where management is irrelevant. Resources, human capital, and organizations thrive best where there is effective management. Management is necessary for continuity and stability. Management necessities arranges the components of production, assembles and organizes the resources to work in an effective manner to achieve goals. 

A 1927 article written by CC Spaulding, which was entitled “The Administration of Big Business.” It was published in the Pittsburgh Courier, a once popular African-American newspaper, and it outlined Spaulding’s eight “Fundamental Necessities” for effectively managing a business or an organization. we would enlist them and dissect them properly.

- Cooperation and teamwork - It is essential for management to work together for the benefit of the organization. Research has shown that teamwork and cooperation among workers of an organization is critical to the success and long term vision of the organization.

- Authority and Responsibility - A culture of leadership accountability must be established in an organization for effectiveness. Leaders who take responsibility for their actions engender trust and employee engagement. 

- Division of labor - Spaulding’s conceptualization of the division of labor is aligned with what is practiced today by virtually most organizations to some degree. Where labor is decentralized, it increases the effectiveness and efficiency of an organization. 

- Adequate Manpower- Spaulding stated that “the greatest drawback in the administration of big business is the lack of  manpower”. Spaulding’s statement reflects his recognition of a need for sufficient quantity and quality of human resources and thus, a need for a reliable system to facilitate the acquisition and training of the best employees, so that organizational performance could be maximized.

- Adequate Capital-  According to Spaulding, “Initial capital must not only be sufficient to commence operations, but must be sustained over a given period ”. Spaulding’s mention of the importance of adequate capital reflects his understanding of effective management techniques. Spaulding also saw the need for businesses to maximize their profits by reinvesting it back into their companies.

- Feasibility Analysis- Spaulding felt that executives and entrepreneurs should conduct a feasibility analysis to assess the needs of the market in order to ensure that their new venture stands a chance in gaining some market share. It is critical to evaluate the market you are about to venture into before committing fully into the business.

- Advertising Budget- This is one of the most effective means of propagating businesses. Spaulding believed that companies, especially small businesses, need to allocate a budget geared towards promotion in order to facilitate business growth and survival.

- Conflict Resolution- Spaulding asserted that “the problem of contact is the chief problem of human intercourse. Personal contact and business contact, if not properly directed and if not based on mutual goodwill and intelligence derived from a common sense education, will develop personal conflict and business conflict instead of personal cooperation and business cooperation.” Recent research shows that organizational conflict results in employee dissatisfaction, low morale, and productivity. It is imperative for companies to create a positive organizational climate that promotes inclusiveness, teamwork, and transparency.  

 THE ROLE OF MANAGEMENT IN LEADERSHIP : 

 Management is one of the primary goals of mankind. İt simply means diligence with resources. Management also implies that you are supposed to bring a return with more value. 'Value' in this context does not necessarily speak only about money. The proper management of human capital also leads to increase in capacity, skill and competence which is also a value that can aid an organization function at its maximum. The role of management in leadership is significant because it obliterates completely the factors that are inimical to growth and progress within a system. The position of leadership is a position of management. Resources, human capital and relationships are managed strategically to yield efficient results and consistent outputs. All these are carefully and meticulously observed from time to time to maintain a high level of growth and consistency. Mismanagement in leadership leads to distrust and lack of confidence within the organization. This is sinister because it creates a system that permits external influences within the system which could be detrimental to the solid principles that are responsible for the cohesion and impeccable standards that the organization operates upon. Leadership and management are not mutually exclusive. Every good and functional leadership is predicated on effective management. 

THE BENEFITS OF MANAGEMENT :

 Management is more important than work. 'Work' in itself does not attract and increase resources, management does. Whatever happens to you would expose your management skills. There are numerous benefits of management and we would enlist some of them below.

- Effective management increases productivity.

- Management attracts resources

- Proper management eventually leads to prosperity

- Management is responsible for stability and progress within an organization. 

- Good management of resources determines our promotion and influence.

- Management builds trust and instills a degree of responsibility within the workers in an organization.

- Long term goals and vision can be implemented and achieved through effective management.

- Management is responsible for the high level working conditions in an organization.

- Management reduces the margin of error that could arise in negative or fatal contingencies. 

- Management brings about peace and tranquility

- Management is responsible for the understanding demonstrated between the workers of an organization.

- Management leads to higher pay and good working conditions.

THE DANGERS OF MISMANAGEMENT :

 Everything within us thrives on the basis of management and dies where mismanagement is present. Resources, human capital, relationships, time, opportunities, jobs, etc. all need proper management techniques for them to be effective and productive. Mismanagement means that everything you presided upon was returned as given. Mismanagement is failure to reproduce, handle, impact or influence resources or people that were committed to you. Unfortunately mismanagement comes with its consequences and we would be listing some of them below. 

- Lack of accountability and responsibility

- Absence of trust and confidence.

- Inability to apply long term vision as a result of breakdown of policies and principles.

- Mismanagement leads to wastage of resources and human capital

- Mismanagement creates dysfunctional working conditions that lead to low output.  

- Mismanagement can lead to complete loss of resources, relationship or position.

- Instability and unpredictability of results.

- Low morale and lack of enthusiasm within an organization

- Presence of unwanted external influences that inadvertently brings division 

- Bankruptcy.